Blog Left Sidebar

Configure VLAN tagged interface on FreeBSD


Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) offer a powerful way to segment networks and enhance security. This guide demonstrates how to configure VLANs on FreeBSD 14.1. We will cover the creation of VLAN interfaces, IP addressing, and routing, enabling you to isolate different network segments.

Read More

How to configure a multi-hop SSH tunnel to bypass internet blocks

multi-hop ssh tunneling
SSH allows users to establish secure connections over untrusted networks by encrypting the communication between client and server. SSH tunnels offer an array of benefits, including secure remote access, bypassing firewalls, and establishing secure communications between multiple network segments.
Read More

How to replace a Volume in mdadm software RAID array

replace a Volume in mdadm software RAID array
mdadm, which is a Linux Software RAID, is not inferior to a typical hardware RAID controller, and just like a hardware controller – enables us to swap physical disks inside the RAID array. It requires executing some commands indeed, but the whole process still seems to be pretty straightforward.

Usually, we replace a disk in RAID when it starts failing, but there might be scenarios, where you just want to swap mechanical SATA disks in RAID with SSDs, one by one, for better performance, without reinstalling the whole OS.
Read More

Debian Installation with LVM RAID 1 and Hot Spare

Debian 11 installation
Debian is a powerful, multipurpose, and super stable Linux distro, however, in my humble opinion, its installation wizard was never a strong point of this Linux distribution, making it pretty difficult to install for beginners. While the standard setup with just a single disk is still relatively digestible for most users, the more sophisticated setup involving RAID with LVM might be pretty hard and arduous. The purpose of this tutorial is to help you go through the whole installation procedure smoothly and painlessly.

In this tutorial, I present Debian 11 (Bullseye) installation based on MD-RAID, configured in Mirroring mode, with an additional Hot Spare drive and LVM partitioning on top of it.
Read More

Comment uncomment and replace characters in multiple lines in Vim


Modifying files in Vim can be arduous and time-consuming, especially when we want to modify multiple lines at once. The typical use case is modifying a configuration file in the system when it is required to comment or uncomment multiple lines at a time, or to replace the same character in many similar lines from the top to the bottom. Here are a few hints on how to facilitate multiple line modifications in text files using Vim editor.

Read More